tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-82958093338418228962023-11-16T00:43:09.152+08:00A.I.ABadie88http://www.blogger.com/profile/04818138212888067605noreply@blogger.comBlogger4125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8295809333841822896.post-15912891411364771012009-08-26T11:11:00.003+08:002009-09-11T11:55:49.515+08:00Key LoggerKeylogger<br /><br />Satu aturcara yang boleh rekod setiap data yang ditekan pada papan kekunci.<br /><br />Berupaya untuk merekod setiap maklumat yang ditaip dengan menggunakan keyboard, contohnya:<br /></p:colorscheme><ul><li><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#000000,#e3ded1,#323232,#f07f09,#9f2936,#6b9f25,#b26b02">Login e-mail</p:colorscheme></li><li>Layari laman web<p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#000000,#e3ded1,#323232,#f07f09,#9f2936,#6b9f25,#b26b02"></p:colorscheme></li><li><p:colorscheme colors="#ffffff,#000000,#e3ded1,#323232,#f07f09,#9f2936,#6b9f25,#b26b02">Rekod alamat laman web yang telah dilayari</p:colorscheme><br /></li></ul>Kelebihan<br /><br />Senang nak install<br />Tidak ganggu sistem<br />Security OK (ada kata laluan)<br />Setting utk SpyAgent ini lbh kearah ‘user-friendly’<br /><br />Kekurangan<br /><br />Aplikasi cetak rompak.<br />Mesti disable anti-virus dahulu sblm guna<br />Kena blok dgn firewall & anti-spyware<br /><br />Kesimpulan<br /><br />Dapat mengesan pencerobohan terhadap PC pengguna.<br />Dapat memantau penggunaan bg sesuatu PC.<br />Dapat meningkatkan keselamatan dlm sistem komputer<br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Rujukan</span> : <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keylogger">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keylogger</a>Badie88http://www.blogger.com/profile/04818138212888067605noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8295809333841822896.post-40181057324065077692009-08-24T14:11:00.007+08:002009-08-26T14:54:46.669+08:00Subnetting<div align="left">(25 & 26 August 2009)<br /></div><ul><li>Merupakan satu rangkaian organisasi yg dibahagikan kepada subnetwork yg mna membenarkan sambungan ke internet dgn satu share network address</li><li>Merujuk kepada network yg besar</li><li>Group dan segment merupakan network</li><li>Tujuannya supaya network senang utk di kawal</li><li>Dari satu group besar yg di pecahkan menjadi group2 kecil</li><li>Apabila menggunakan subnetting ia blh mengurangkan data collusion(pelanggaran data)<br /></li></ul><p>Sebelum subnet<br />- Brodcast tinggi, data collusion tinggi, network performance rendah<br /><br />Selepas subnet<br />- Brodcast rendah, data collusion rendah, network performance tinggi<br /><br />p/s - bila komunikasi tidak berfungsi, periksa IP<br /><br />=============================================<br /><br />Latihan </p><p><table border="1"><tbody align="middle"><tr><td>8bit</td><td>16bit</td><td>24bit</td><td>32bit</td></tr><tr><td>192</td><td>168</td><td>3</td><td>0</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br />*1 obtec mempunyai 8 bit = 0000 0000<br /><br />Guna 10 network<br />2 ^ n brapa dapat 10<br />2 ^ 4 = 16(lebin xpa)<br />*16 PC yg boleh masuk network<br /><br />Bila n = <strong>4</strong>, so 0000 0000 akan jadi <strong>1111</strong> 0000<br />Jadi 24bit + <strong>4</strong> = 28 (Subnet) </p><p>Jawapan = 192.168.3.0/<strong>28</strong><br /><br />============================================<br /><br />2 ^ n utk cari <strong>subnet</strong><br /><strong>n = bil. bit 1<br /></strong>2 ^ x utk cari <strong>host</strong><br /><strong>x = bil. bit 0</strong><br /><br />============================================<br /><br />Latihan<br /><br />192.168.5.0/<strong>xx</strong> (kelas C)<br />7 segment/group/network<br />- cari nilai <strong>xx</strong><br />- bil. host<br /><br />nilai <strong>xx</strong><br />2 ^ n = 7<br />2 ^ 3 = 8 0000 0000 -> 1110 0000<br />24 + 3 = 27 (subnet)<br /><br />Jawapan = 192.168.5.0/<strong>27</strong><br /><br />bil. host<br />2 ^ x = bil. host (bil. bit kosong)<br />2 ^ 5 = 32 host tolak 2 (Brodcast & Network Address)<br />= 30 host (PC y blh masuk network)<br /><br />192.168.5.0/27 (kelas C)<br />bil.host = 32, bil.subnet = 8<br /></p><table border="1"><tbody align="middle"><tr><td>Network Address</td><td>Range</td><td>Broadcast Address</td></tr><tr><td>0</td><td>1 - 30</td><td>31</td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td>32 - 62</td><td>63</td></tr><tr><td>64</td><td>65 - 94</td><td>95</td></tr><tr><td>96</td><td>97 - 126</td><td>127</td></tr><tr><td>128</td><td>129 - 158</td><td>159</td></tr><tr><td>160</td><td>161 - 190</td><td>191</td></tr><tr><td>192</td><td>193 - 222</td><td><strong>223</strong></td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p><p>contoh IP</p><p>Network Address : 192.168.5.0/32/64/96</p><p>Brodcast Address : 192.168.5.31/63/96</p><p>Host : 192.168.5.1-30/32-62/65-94</p><p><br />nk cari 223(<strong>BOLD</strong>)<br />Network Address(NA)</p><p>= bil.host x (segment - 1)</p><p>= 32 x (7 - 1)</p><p>= 192</p><div align="left"><br />Brodcast Address(BA)</div><div align="left"></div><div align="left"></div><div align="left">= NA + (bil.host - 1)</div><div align="left"></div><div align="left"></div><div align="left">= 192 + (32 - 1)</div><div align="left"></div><div align="left"></div><div align="left">= 223</div><div align="left"> </div><div align="left"></div><div align="left"></div><div align="left">============================================</div><div align="left"> </div><div align="left"></div><div align="left"></div><div align="left">Latihan</div><div align="left"><br />99.10.70.3/10 (kelas A)</div><div align="left">cari sagment ke - 4</div><div align="left"><br />10 = 1111 1111.11<strong>00 0000</strong>.0000 0000.0000 0000<br />2 ^ x = bil. bit '0'</div><div align="left">2 ^ 6 = 64 host</div><div align="left"></div><div align="left"><table border="1"><tbody align="middle"><tr><td>Network Address</td><td>Range</td><br /><td>Brodcast Address</td></tr><tr><td>0</td><td>1 - 62</td><td>63</td></tr><tr><td>64</td><td>65 - 126</td><td>127</td></tr><tr><td>128</td><td>129 - 190</td><td>191</td></tr><tr><td><strong>192</strong></td><td><strong>193 - 254</strong></td><td><strong>255</strong></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /></div><div align="left"></div><div align="left">sagment yg ke-4 (<strong>BOLD</strong>)</div><div align="left">NA = 99.10.70.192</div><div align="left">BA = 99.10.70.255</div><div align="left"><br />============================================<br /><br />Task</div><div align="left"><br />4 server, 2 printer, 200 PC, 2 dept.(IT & Elec.)<br /></div><div align="left"></div><div align="left"></div><div align="left">Jwpn...</div><div align="left"><br /><strong>Server 1</strong></div><div align="left">IP Address bg S1</div><div align="left">- 192.168.<strong>5</strong>.0</div><div align="left">50PC dalam 1 server</div><div align="left">IP Address range bg 50 PC ni</div><div align="left">- 192.168.<strong>5</strong>.10 hingga 60 </div><div align="left"><br /> </div><div align="left"><strong></strong></div><div align="left"><strong></strong></div><div align="left"><strong></strong></div><div align="left"><strong>Server 2</strong></div><div align="left">IP Address bg S2</div><div align="left">- 192.168.<strong>5</strong>.64</div><div align="left">50PC dalam 1 server</div><div align="left">IP Address range bg 50 PC ni</div><div align="left">- 192.168.<strong>5</strong>.70 hingga 120 </div><div align="left"> </div><div align="left"></div><div align="left"></div><div align="left"></div><div align="left">S1 & S2 mnggunakan 1 printer yg sama</div><div align="left">IP Address bg printer P1 - 192.168.<strong>5</strong>.121<br /></div><div align="left"></div><div align="left"></div><div align="left"></div><div align="left">*utk IT Department</div><div align="left"><br /><strong>Server 3</strong></div><div align="left">IP Address bg S3</div><div align="left">- 192.168.<strong>6</strong>.0</div><div align="left">50PC dalam 1 server</div><div align="left">IP Address range bg 50 PC ni</div><div align="left">- 192.168.<strong>6</strong>.10 hingga 60</div><div align="left"><br /><strong>Server 4</strong></div><div align="left">IP Address bg S4</div><div align="left">- 192.168.<strong>6</strong>.64</div><div align="left">50PC dalam 1 server</div><div align="left">IP Address range bg 50 PC ni</div><div align="left">- 192.168.<strong>6</strong>.70 hingga 120</div><div align="left"><br />S3 & S4 mnggunakan 1 printer yg sama</div><div align="left">IP Address bg printer P1</div><div align="left">- 192.168.<strong>6</strong>.121</div><div align="left"><br />*utk Electrical Department</div><div align="left"> </div><div align="left"></div><div align="left"></div><div align="left"></div><div align="left"></div><div align="left">*network yg digunakan ialah 24 bit, jadi nombor IP yg di <strong>BOLD</strong> merupakan network bg 2 department.<br /></div><br /><br />rujukan : <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subnetting">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subnetting</a>Badie88http://www.blogger.com/profile/04818138212888067605noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8295809333841822896.post-19466686143391601992009-08-21T11:37:00.011+08:002009-08-26T10:59:53.309+08:00IP Address(24 August 2009)<br /><br />Digunakan utk berhubung antara PC -> PC dan melayari internet.<br /><br />Terdapat <strong>5 jenis</strong> kelas IP<br /><br /><br /><ul><li>A,B,C,D & E</li></ul>Range kelas2 <strong>IP</strong> (Internet Protokol)<br />A : 1 - 126<br />B : 128 - 191<br />C : 192 - 223<br />D : multicasting<br />E : IP reserve<br /><br /><strong>Default subnet masks</strong><br /><br />255.0.0.0 (<strong>8bit</strong>)<br />- 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000<br /><strong> 192</strong>.168.6.0<br /> *y bold 2 melambangkan network dia<br /><br />255.255.0.0 (<strong>16bit</strong>)<br />- 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000<br /> 192.<strong>168</strong>.6.0<br /> *y bold 2 melambangkan network dia<br /><br />255.255.255.0 (<strong>24bit</strong>)<br />- 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000<br /> 192.168.<strong>6</strong>.0<br /> *y bold 2 melambangkan network dia<br /><br /><br /><strong>127</strong> di sediakan utk '<strong>local host</strong>'<br /><br />Nombor 10 selalunya digunakan bagi permulaan utk sesuatu IP bg jenis kelas A<br /><br />IP Address ada <strong>2 jenis</strong><br /><br /><ul><li><strong>Statik</strong> : IP Address di tentukan oleh admin</li><li><strong>Dinamik</strong> : IP address di tentukan oleh router @ server</li></ul><p><br /><strong>GATEWAY</strong><br />Satu laluan yg di gunakan utk berhubung dgn dunia luar<br />Membolehkan user berhubung dgn PC lain dan surf intrnet<br /><br /><strong>DNS</strong> (domain name server)<br />Berfungsi utk trnslet IP ke bentuk binary<br /><br /><strong>Cross Cabel</strong><br />Cross di gunakan pada equipment yg sama sahaja.(PC -> PC, HUB -> HUB, server -> server dll)<br /><strong></strong><br /><strong>Straigh cable</strong><br />Digunakan pada equipment yg berbeza ( PC -> HUB, server -> HUB, server ->PC dll)<br /><br /><strong>Request Time Out</strong><br />Tidak boleh recognize (xleh bca langsung)<br /><br /><strong>Destination Host Unreachable</strong><br />Host tidak sama (cth, 255.255.<strong>0</strong>.0 & 255.255.<strong>255</strong>.0)<br /><br />Setiap obtec blh guna '0 - 255' sahaja<br />1 obtect = 8 bit<br />0 - utk network address<br />255 - utk brodcast (hantar data y digunakan o pengguna bg ssuatu IP)<br /><br />Tetapi bg user PC, IP range dia start dari 1 - 254<br />- 1 kebiasaanny di gunakan utk gateway<br />- 254 kebiasaanny di gunakan utk router<br />*tp dlm IP still blh guna 1 dan 254 </p><p><strong>Network Address</strong></p><ul><li>Mengenal pasti 'host' bg 'subnet'.</li><li>Brodcast & IP Address - membenarkan maklumat dihantar ke semua mesin yg menggunakan IP yg sama.</li></ul><p><br />*permulaan bagi sesuatu IP x blh dimulakan dengan '0'(kosong)<br /><br />=============================================<br /><strong></strong><br /><strong>Latihan</strong><br /><br />- 192.300.2.4 - valid [ ], invalid [/]<br />*invalid sbb setiap obtec hanya boleh guna dari '0 - 255'<br /><br />- 192.3.2.2 - valid [/], invalid [ ] / kelas A[ ],B[ ],c[/],D[ ],E[ ]<br /><br />- 211.255.254.3 - valid [ ], invalid [/] / kelas A[ ],B[ ],c[/],D[ ],E[ ]<br />*invalid sbb 255 hanya digunakan utk brodcast<br /><br />- 0.1.1.0 - invalid [ ], invalid [/]<br />*invalid sbb permulaan bagi IP tidak boleh dimulakan dengan '0'(kosong)<br /><br />- 7.4.5.1 - valid [/], invalid [ ] / kelas A[/],B[ ],c[ ],D[ ],E[ ]<br /><br />- 197.0.0.1 - valid [ ], invalid [/]<br />*invalid sbb 127 tidak wujud sbb 127 selalunya digunakan utk 'local host'<br /><br /><br /><br />rujukan : <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ip_address">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ip_address</a></p>Badie88http://www.blogger.com/profile/04818138212888067605noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8295809333841822896.post-41030123213894271782009-08-21T11:15:00.002+08:002009-08-24T14:08:12.657+08:00KISMEC Student Enrollment<a href="http://10.1.0.254/sis_itdept/masuk.htm">http://10.1.0.254/sis_itdept/masuk.htm</a>Badie88http://www.blogger.com/profile/04818138212888067605noreply@blogger.com0